The general characteristics of Temple Architecture Essay

The general characteristics of Temple Architecture - Essay Example One of the key characteristics of ancient temple architecture was their dedication to a deity. Most of the ancient temples were built as a dedication to the gods that were worshipped in those times. The Roman temple of Fortuna Virilis is also referred to as the temple of Portumnus because it was in dedication to the Roman god Portumnus, the god protector of the harbors and trade at sea (history of roman). The Greek temple of Poseidon in Paestum, Italy was also a dedication to the Greek sea god, Poseidon and even had a massive statue of him in its main hall (Cape Sounion,2008). While the temple of Amenhotep was largely a dedication to his father amen, the northern part of it was dedicated to the Egyptian god Osiris (Andrews, 2005). The Mesopotamian white temple was built at a very high place, on the ziggurat platform, because the people of Mesopotamia believed that it was in high places that their god would visit the earth (Sumerian Art). Thus as part of their architecture, most of th ese temples had statues that represented the deities to which they had been dedicated All temple architecture was inspired by religious beliefs but perhaps none portrays this so much as the Egyptian Temple designed by Amenhotep the third during his reign. This is the largest temple to ever be built in Egypt. It boasted 385,000 square meters coverage and was built in such a manner that it could flood when the waters of the Nile rose, leaving only the inner part dry. This was based on the religious belief that when the water level went down, the re-emergence of the temple would signify a sort of rebirth of the world, like in the time of creation (Andrews, 2005). The Greek Poseidon temple was also based on the religious belief that since Poseidon was the sea god and the temple was located near waters then it would only be fitting to dedicate it to the sea god in order to win his favor (Cape

Identification of novel human cancer-specific antigens Literature review

Identification of novel human cancer-specific antigens - Literature review Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Likewise, opportunities to develop cancer treatment demonstrated promising results (Haffner et al., 2001; Jager, Jager, and Knuth, 2002; Fijak and Meinhardt, 2006; Park, Lin, Nishidate, Nakamura & Katagiri, 2006;   Tabi and Man, 2006;   Ã‚  Hayashi et al., 2007; Meklat et al., 2007; Dakshinamurthy, Ramesar, Goldberg and Blackburn, 2008; Hunder et al., 2008; Old, 2008; Caballero and Chen, 2009; Chen et al., 2009; Dubovsky et al., 2009; Fard and Modaressi, 2009; Vujanovic and Butterfield, 2009). Consequently, pioneering research in the search for effective cancer vaccines has produced cancer/testis antigens such as MAGE, GAGE, and NY-ESO-1 which are currently undergoing clinical trials (Mashino et al. 2001; Bowlus, 2007; Gierstoff and Ditzel, 2008). Each year more cancer/testis antigens are being identified, creating more opportunities for research and increasing the chances of developing cancer vaccines that can be used not only for treatments, but for prevention as well (Jager, Jager, and Knuth, 2002). Also, research on cancer/testis antigens has brought to light important discoveries on how mechanisms of cancer development work at a molecular level (Alters, 2000; Old, 2001; Gjerstoff, Kock, Nielsen and Ditzel, 2007; Delbridge, 2010; Inagaki, Schoenmakers and Baarends, 2010; Suzuki et al., 2010). Moreover, studies on the link between chromosomes and immune responses reveal that some cancers are more prevalent in males than in females. In addition, results also show that females may have higher cancer survival rates but are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases (Libert, Dejager and Pinheiro, 2010). Further research on the role of cancer/testis antigens should be conducted, particularly in determining the mechanisms that initiate cancer in the first place. Also, further studies should be performed to developed better cancer diagnostic methods and combination immunotherapy