Theoretical Benefits of No Child Left Behind Law Essays -- Government

Hypothetical Benefits of No Child Left Behind Law President Bush marked the No Child Left Behind bill in January of 2002 requiring the nation to change the method of creation of youngsters through the instructive framework. With any significant change in any enormous organization of society, there will be favorable circumstances and disservices. It is significant in making a decision about any change by taking a gander at the general great and awful that is occurring from the change. So as No Child Left Behind is evaluated, it is critical to investigate the thought processes and goals put inside the enactment, however to likewise think about the disadvantages. Title I, Part A, featured Shutting the Achievement Gap for Disadvantaged Students, shows that America has am accentuation on obvious equitable goals. There is an undeniable mistreatment that is shielding all understudies in America from having a similar beginning stage, which represses America going about as a genuine free market society. A few kids are bound to disappointment because of where they get their training. President Bush and his consultants show this is their principle center around NCLB in a couple of various ways. The first can be seen by it being the focal point of Part An of the Title I (Bush, 2002). The second can be seen by how they have made it required for states to build up an arrangement of assents and prizes to consider areas and schools responsible for improving scholarly accomplishment (Bush 2002). Another way the Bush organization clarifies that schools need to concentrate their endeavors on diminishing the accomplishment hole is by the arrangement in Title I where understudies in bombing schools must be offered state funded school decision, while burdened understudies will be offered help with changing from a bombing school (Bush 2002). This accentuation on clos... ...rom <a href=http://nochildleft.com/2003/>http://nochildleft.com/2003/</a> may03dictating.html McKenzie, J. (2003, April). Do As We Say Not as We Do: The Great Gamble on Teacher Quality. NoChildLeft, Volume I, Number 4. Recovered April 14, 2004, from <a href=http://nochildleft.com/2003/apr03do.html>http://nochildleft.com/2003/apr03do.html</a> Wrightslaw.com. (2002). No Child Left Behind. The Facts About...State Improvement Records. Recovered April 14, 2004, from <a href=http://www.wrightslaw.com/data/>http://www.wrightslaw.com/information/</a> nclb.facts.state.lists.htm www.Fairtest.org, (May, 2003). Why No Child Left Behind Will Fail Our Children. NoChildleft, Volume I, Number 5. Recovered April 14, 2004, from <a href=http://nochildleft.com/2003/may03fairtest.html>http://nochildleft.com/2003/may03fairtest.html</a>

Analysis of Salome Dancing before Herod by Gustave Moreau Term Paper

Examination of Salome Dancing before Herod by Gustave Moreau - Term Paper Example Herod, then again, is infatuated with his own girl, obviously, Salome doesn't adore Herod in that style. Subsequently, to authorize her dad to get John’s head, Salome moves for Herod in a method of alluring him (Nermeena 1). This canvas by Gustave Moreau came out uniquely in contrast to the realities in the Bible. Pundits found the bewildering, superhuman Salome to be an overwhelming interest depicted from that canvas painting. Additionally, the watercolor known as the Apparition was genuinely shouting. This was the way Huysmans, a French author, expounded on Moreau's Salome in his book, A Rebours (1884). The subject was immensely mainstream in the non-literal expressions, music, just as writing, towards the century's end. The subject agreed with the misogynous demeanor of the Symbolists. In the understanding given in Huysmans’ content, individuals can see Salome as an awful female who tempts Herod, her own dad, so as to get John’s head. ...The unicorns are image s of immaculateness, just as modesty. The work likewise proposes a sentiment of peacefulness, just as solace, in the fanciful topic. The work of art was finished in 1875, and it received the style of imagery (Moreau 1). Likewise, it is arranged under the strict kind. The work of art utilized oil strategy on canvas material, and its measurements are 61cm by 92cm. The room the work of art is put in is very roomy with respect to the size of the artistic creation (Moreau 1). The room’s measurements were 870 by 700 cm. This is sufficient space for the artistic creation. An artistic creation, in its feature, needs satisfactory room, just as lighting. The room is likewise painted white (Moreau 1). Consequently, the dull shade of the artistic creation makes it stick out. The fake lighting is, thus, not required. Other two canvases that got the eyes of numerous watchers were the â€Å"Jupiter and Semele†, just as the Dream. The last work was finished by Gustave Moreau and the p rincipal work by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes.

Essay Topics For Teenagers

Essay Topics For TeenagersTeenage essay topics are some of the most exciting parts of writing a great academic paper. What teenager doesn't dream of writing about the Greek gods, the meaning of life, and the meaning of music? With so many choices, choosing the best essay topic for you is easy to do, but it is also important to choose the right one.There are so many essay topics for teenagers on the internet that this is an easy task. However, many students decide to buy pre-written essays instead of write their own. If you can read at a third grade level or below, these pre-written essays will work out great because they will include most of the material that you need, and you can finish your work faster.The next thing to consider before choosing essay topics for teenagers is how much money you have available to spend. When choosing essay topics for teenagers, you should be prepared to be in your class for two semesters. If you only have time to write one chapter, you will probably f ind this to be the perfect fit. If you have time to write four chapters, make sure to research the topic first, and plan accordingly.Teenage essay topics should also be fairly short. This is one of the main things to remember if you plan to write a four-chapter essay. These essays usually only need about two hundred to three hundred words, but some can take up to four hundred words. Knowing how much writing time you have available, and the length of the essay topic, is a good way to make sure that you will be able to finish the project.The best essay topics for teenagers will be researched before you start to write. These can be easy to research and do not have to be difficult or time consuming. The research will be based on facts, or perhaps with a thesis statement to show that you are going to research the topic thoroughly before writing. You will want to research all of the background information about the topic, and the most current information on how the topic is used today.Mak e sure to do as much research as possible before choosing essay topics for teenagers. This will help you know what questions you need to ask, and whether or not the information is useful. You should always be researching to get more accurate answers to your questions, even if it takes you longer to finish the assignment.Teenage essay topics should be interesting and relevant to the topic. They should be able to be discussed easily, with at least one and sometimes as many as five students participating in the discussion. They should be able to motivate the students in the class, so that they feel motivated to perform better in the class, and study more.The final thing to consider when choosing essay topics for teenagers is to make sure that they are very short. Although there are a lot of essays, there are also a lot of different styles of essay topics, and no one style is better than another. There are also a lot of different types of essay topics for teenagers and choosing the righ t one should not be difficult. Just remember that the essay is for your grade, and it should not be longer than five hundred words.

Rhodes College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Rhodes College is a private  liberal arts college  with an acceptance rate of 45%. Located on a 100-acre campus near downtown Memphis, Tennessee, Rhodes College is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Students come from 47 states and 54 countries. With a 10-to-1  student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 14, Rhodes College offers its students considerable personal attention. Students can choose from 50 majors and minors, and the colleges strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. In athletics, Rhodes College competes in the NCAA Division III Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference. Considering applying to Rhodes College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Rhodes College had an acceptance rate of 45%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 45 students were admitted, making Rhodes Colleges admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 5,093 Percent Admitted 45% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 24% SAT Scores and Requirements Rhodes College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 35% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 630 700 Math 610 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Rhodes Colleges admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Rhodes College scored between 630 and 700, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 700. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 610 and 710, while 25% scored below 610 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1410 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Rhodes College. Requirements Rhodes College does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Rhodes participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Rhodes College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 29 35 Math 26 29 Composite 28 31 This admissions data tells us that most of Rhodes Colleges admitted students fall within the top 12% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Rhodes received a composite ACT score between 28 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 28. Requirements Rhodes does not require the optional ACT writing section. Note that Rhodes College superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Rhodes Colleges incoming freshmen class was 3.92, and over 75% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Rhodes College have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Rhodes College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Rhodes College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Rhodes College, which accepts fewer than half of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool with high average grades and SAT/ACT scores. However, Rhodes has a  holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside Rhodes average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. The great majority of students who were admitted had a GPA in the A range, an ACT composite score above 24, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) above 1200. If You Like Rhodes College, You May Also Like These Schools Furman UniversityWashington and Lee UniversityDuke UniversityWake Forest UniversityUniversity of RichmondAuburn UniversityBrown UniversityTulane University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Rhodes College Undergraduate Admissions Office. Rhodes College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA Rhodes College is a private  liberal arts college  with an acceptance rate of 45%. Located on a 100-acre campus near downtown Memphis, Tennessee, Rhodes College is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Students come from 47 states and 54 countries. With a 10-to-1  student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 14, Rhodes College offers its students considerable personal attention. Students can choose from 50 majors and minors, and the colleges strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter of the  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. In athletics, Rhodes College competes in the NCAA Division III Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference. Considering applying to Rhodes College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Rhodes College had an acceptance rate of 45%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 45 students were admitted, making Rhodes Colleges admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 5,093 Percent Admitted 45% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 24% SAT Scores and Requirements Rhodes College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 35% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 630 700 Math 610 710 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Rhodes Colleges admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Rhodes College scored between 630 and 700, while 25% scored below 630 and 25% scored above 700. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 610 and 710, while 25% scored below 610 and 25% scored above 710. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1410 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Rhodes College. Requirements Rhodes College does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Rhodes participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Rhodes College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 29 35 Math 26 29 Composite 28 31 This admissions data tells us that most of Rhodes Colleges admitted students fall within the top 12% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Rhodes received a composite ACT score between 28 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 28. Requirements Rhodes does not require the optional ACT writing section. Note that Rhodes College superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Rhodes Colleges incoming freshmen class was 3.92, and over 75% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Rhodes College have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Rhodes College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Rhodes College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Rhodes College, which accepts fewer than half of applicants, has a competitive admissions pool with high average grades and SAT/ACT scores. However, Rhodes has a  holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their grades and test scores are outside Rhodes average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. The great majority of students who were admitted had a GPA in the A range, an ACT composite score above 24, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) above 1200. If You Like Rhodes College, You May Also Like These Schools Furman UniversityWashington and Lee UniversityDuke UniversityWake Forest UniversityUniversity of RichmondAuburn UniversityBrown UniversityTulane University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Rhodes College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Sediment Core Analysis in Archaeology

Sediment cores are an extremely useful tool used in conjunction with archaeological studies. Basically, a geologist uses a long narrow metal (generally aluminum) tube to sample the soil deposits in the bottom of a lake or wetland. The soils are removed, dried, and analyzed in a laboratory. The reason sediment core analysis is interesting is because the bottoms of a lake or wetland are records of the silt and pollen and other objects and materials which have fallen into the lake over time. The lake water acts as both a sorting device and as a preservative  since the deposits fall in chronological order and (if not subject to dredging) are not normally otherwise disturbed by humans. So, a tube extended down into these sediments collects a sample of 2-5 inch diameter of undisturbed deposits which reflect changes over time. Sediment columns can be dated using AMS radiocarbon dates from tiny pieces of charcoal in the sediments. Pollen and phytoliths recovered from soils can provide data about the predominant climate; stable isotope analysis can suggest plant colony type dominance. Tiny artifacts such as micro-debitage can appear in soil columns. Identifying periods when the amount of soil deposited within a given time increases steeply can be an indication of increased erosion  after adjacent land was cleared. Sources and Studies Feller, Eric J., R. S. Anderson, and Peter A. Koehler 1997 Late Quaternary Paleoenvironments of the White River Plateau, Colorado, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 29(1):53-62. Head, Lesley 1989 Using palaeoecology to date Aboriginal fish-traps at Lake Condah, Victoria. Archaeology in Oceania 24:110-115. Horrocks, M., et al. 2004 Microbotanical remains reveal Polynesian agriculture and mixed cropping in early New Zealand. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 131:147-157. Kelso, Gerald K. 1994 Palynology in historical rural-landscape studies: Great Meadows, Pennsylvania. American Antiquity 59(2):359-372. Londoà ±o, Ana C. 2008 Pattern and rate of erosion inferred from Inca agricultural terraces in arid southern Peru. Geomorphology 99(1-4):13-25. Lupo, Liliana C., et al. 2006 Climate and human impact during the past 2000 years as recorded in the Lagunas de Yala, Jujuy, northwestern Argentina. Quaternary International 158:30–43. Tsartsidou, Georgia, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Nikos Efstratiou, and Steve Weiner 2008 Ethnoarchaeological study of phytolith assemblages from an agro-pastoral village in Northern Greece (Sarakini): development and application of a Phytolith Difference Index. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(3):600-613.

St. Augustin Essay - 1250 Words

From the analysis of St. Augustine Confessions and Beowulf, it is clear that the two authors, St. Augustine and the poet respectively, differ on their views of death, which helps to paint a better picture of the world that each writer lived in. In Augustines writings, death plays a major role in life; it serves as the stepping stone to a greater existence in heaven. In Augustines world, Christianity and God both play an important role in how death is viewed. In the poets writings we see a different perspective, one in which the time you spend on earth is of great importance; very little thought is given to life after death. Although God is mentioned and discussed throughout the writing, it is a very different perspective than the one†¦show more content†¦We can see this in the passage Our Life himself came down into this world and took away our death. He slew it with his own abounding life, and with thunder in his voice he called us from this world to return to him in heaven (Confessions, 82).; If you were a Christian in Augustines world, death was a passage that one should look to once it arrives, as the joyous return to heaven; not a loss but a great gain. It is clear that death played an important role in the world of St. Augustine. When we look at the world of the poet of Beowulf, we see a very different world. In the world of the poet, life is seen as very important; almost no thought is given to where the soul goes after dying. Making the most of ones life, while you are living, it seems is unparalleled in importance. My father was a noble leader well known among nationsamp;#8230;He lived through many winters, and was an old man when he departed from this world (Beowulf, 10).; Beowulf speaks of his fathers long life and notoriety as if that is all that is left of him. There is no mention of his faith or the transcendence of his soul, as one would come to expect in the Confessions. They set a golden banner high over his head; then they gave him to the sea and let the water carry him away. Their spirits were saddened, their hearts mournful. Men on earth, even the wisest of counselors, do not know how to tell who trulyShow MoreRelatedSaint Augustine : The Confessions Of St. Augustine704 Words   |  3 PagesSt. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, is a true defender of the Catholic faith with an inspirational conversion story which he shares in his writings titled the Confessions. Published around 400 A.D., St. Augustine Confessions had a major influence on western civilization. This beautifully written and intellectually brilliantly narrative on his conversion, St. Agustin brings to light his personal spiritual journey during his conversion to Catholicism. 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Not long after the English settlersRead MoreSustainable Tourism6442 Words   |  26 Pagesindigenous people of an area and their traditional customs, arts, crafts, ceremonies, architecture, religion and lifestyles (eg., visits to hill tribes in Thailand or a Masai village in Kenya) or on visits to art galleries, cathedrals and temples (eg., St. Petersburg in Russia, Kyoto in Japan or the Louvre in Paris, France). Historical tourism tends to focus on the glories of the past in the form of monuments, museums, and historical sites (eg., Pompeii in Italy, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Borobadur inRead MoreThe Birth of Heroes and the Rise of Filipino Nationalism12139 Words   |  49 PagesCatholic missionary in China. He built his house in St. Isidore, a Dominican estate and became a pioneer in Barrio Tubigan, one of the richest barrios in the estate. In no time at all, Domingo became one of Binan’s wealthiest Chinese community leaders. People loved him because he was honest and hard-working. His popularity spread and he soon attracted other Chinese traders, including a wealthy Chinese rice trader from Chuanchow, by the name of Augustin Chinco. To formalize their friendship, Domingo

Evolutionism Vs Creationism Essay Example For Students

Evolutionism Vs Creationism Essay Creationism is a religious metaphysical theory about the origin of the universe. It is not a scientific theory. Technically, creationism is not necessarilyconnected to any particular religion. It simply requires a belief in a Creator. Millions of Christians and non-Christians believe there is a Creator of theuniverse and that scientific theories such as the the theory of evolution do notconflict with belief in a Creator. However, fundamentalist Christians such asRonald Reagan and Jerry Falwell, have co-opted the term creationism and it isnow difficult to refer to creationism without being understood as referring tofundamentalist Christians who (a) take the stories in Genesis as accurateaccounts of the origin of the universe and life on Earth, and (b) believe thatGenesis is incompatible with the Big Bang theory and the theory of evolution. The science of paleontology or the study of life provides the most direct proof of evolution in the past through fossil remains or impressions, usually in rock. Other evidence comes from comparative studies of living animals and plants, including their structure and geographical locations. Mollusks and vascular plants account for more than 80 percent (Futuyma 87) of the worlds species, with about 1.4 to 1.8 million species (Futuyma 87) in all. Changes occur in living organisms to help increase their adaptability, or potential for survival and reproduction, in the face of changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in direction or purpose. A given kind of organism may evolve only when it occurs in a variety of forms differing in hereditary characteristics, or traits, that are passed from parent to offspring. By chance, some varieties prove to be poorly adapted to their current environment and thus disappear, whereas others prove to be adaptive, and their numbers increase. The elimination of the unfit, or the survival of the fittest, is known as natural selection because it is nature that discards or favors a particular variant. Basically, evolution takes place only when natural selection operates on a population of organisms containing diverse inheritable forms. Creationists have gone back to the basic laws of nature to see if evolution is physically possible given enough time and opportunity. The one major pro blem that they see is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. It states, All natural systems degenerate when left to themselves. This is why everything falls apart and decays over time. Creationists point to death as being the ultimate manifestation of this law. This physics principle does not allow for something as complex as the human eye to originate from something simple. The eye must follow the tendency for complete degeneration. Creationists see a downward spiral for every living and non-living creation. Everything breaks down into simpler substances; they do not become more complex. Creationists say that, in the real world the long-term flow is downhill, not uphill. An experimental and physical observation appears to confirm that the law is indeed universal, affecting all natural processes in the long run. Sir Gawain And The Green Knight EssayThe evolutionists do not see the Second Law of Thermodynamics as a contradiction to evolutionary processes, because as it specifically states that the entropy of a closed system cannot decrease. The law pertains to closed systems. The earth, and therefore evolution, is not a closed system (Creation Science FAQ) As we know, there are no closed system on earth, so in no way can any living system on Earth directly violate the second law (Creation Science FAQ) Therefore, this argument is invalid. The age of the universe, perhaps billions of years old, shows that life has had lots of time to evolve from single celled organisms to what we are today. Through fossils, and other evidences, it shows that humans came from primates, which is not surprising, since we are almost physically identical to a chimpanzee. In the beginning, very simple life forms began gradually appearing. These simple life forms gradually changed to complex ones, and there have been transitional links between the different kinds, such as fishes and primates. They both have the same types of bones, for example, forearms, wrists, elbows, upper arms, and shoulders. They seem to be related to a common ancestor. The Bible says that an omnipotent being, created the earth and everything on it in 6 days. He also created everything out of nothing. This is literally impossible, it challenges all physics laws, so it cannot be done. The only proof that Creationists have of the origin of life is the Bible. Evolutionists have much more proofs or evidence of how humans appeared on the earth. The Bible, whether intended literally or figuratively, is definitely an important piece of literature. To believe that the age of the earth is only 10,000 years old does not support the validity of the creationists. To many scholars, the Bible is a figurative book of parables, not to be taken literally. The use of the Bible may be hindering, instead of supporting, the validity of the creationists arguments. It is clear that evolution is much clearer to understand and accept than the creationism theory. There will always be people who will still be curious as to how we appeared on the earth, and some people will oppose the evolution theory, therefore, the evolutionism/creationism debate will forever continue. Works CitedCreation Science FAQhttp://www.clubs.psu.edu/origins/faqsci.htmDrew Thinks About Evolutionism vs Creationism. http://petra.austinc.edu/arayburn/evolve.htmlFutuyma, Douglas J. Evolutionary Biology. 3rd ed. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates inc., 1997. General QH 366.2.F87Montagu, Ashley, ed. Science and Creationism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. General QH 371.S343Strahler, Arthur N. Science and Earth History. The Evolution/Creation Controversy. New York: Prometheus Books, 1987. BS 652.S77